A comparison of efficacy, mechanism, and side effects of clozapine and risperidone in patients with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of symptoms (hallucinations, delusions), negative (decreased expressiveness), and cognitive (lack executive function). The exact etiology schizophrenia unknown, although it thought to be linked increased dopaminergic activity in mesolimbic neuronal pathway decreased prefrontal cortical pathway. Treatment includes both pharmacological psychosocial intervention. Nonpharmacological treatments are effective treating increasing patient adherence medications. first-generation “conventional” antipsychotic drugs high-affinity antagonists dopamine D2 receptors that most against atypical agents differ pharmacologically from previous their lower affinity for Clozapine risperidone antipsychotics. has weak blocking action. It mainly acts 5-HT2, alpha-adrenergic, D4 receptors. Risperidone 5-HT, alpha-adrenergic more potent blocker than clozapine can cause extrapyramidal at high dose. Aggravation seizures with olanzapine fewer chances risperidone. potential metabolic side effects, while low effects. used treatment resistant agent available long-acting injectable form.